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CVE-2025-53864: Nimbus JOSE + JWT is vulnerable to DoS attacks when processing deeply nested JSON

July 11, 2025 (updated August 11, 2025)

Connect2id Nimbus JOSE + JWT before 10.0.2 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a deeply nested JSON object supplied in a JWT claim set, because of uncontrolled recursion. NOTE: this is independent of the Gson 2.11.0 issue because the Connect2id product could have checked the JSON object nesting depth, regardless of what limits (if any) were imposed by Gson.

References

  • bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt
  • bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/commits/f7fb882cc08f027c9ceb874acec3b51c6222861c
  • bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/583/stackoverflowerror-due-to-deeply-nested
  • bitbucket.org/connect2id/nimbus-jose-jwt/issues/593/back-port-cve-2025-53864-fix-to-9x-branch
  • github.com/advisories/GHSA-xwmg-2g98-w7v9
  • github.com/google/gson/commit/1039427ff0100293dd3cf967a53a55282c0fef6b
  • github.com/google/gson/compare/gson-parent-2.11.0...gson-parent-2.12.0
  • nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53864

Code Behaviors & Features

Detect and mitigate CVE-2025-53864 with GitLab Dependency Scanning

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Affected versions

All versions before 9.37.4, all versions starting from 10.0 before 10.0.2

Fixed versions

  • 10.0.2
  • 9.37.4

Solution

Upgrade to versions 10.0.2, 9.37.4 or above.

Impact 5.8 MEDIUM

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L

Learn more about CVSS

Weakness

  • CWE-674: Uncontrolled Recursion

Source file

maven/com.nimbusds/nimbus-jose-jwt/CVE-2025-53864.yml

Spotted a mistake? Edit the file on GitLab.

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